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These instructions are intended for users of a standard word processor. If LATEX is used for the preparation of themanuscript, please refer to the sample file attached with our LATEX class file.
Paper size: A4 (21 × 29 cm2) or letter (8.5 × 11 in.)Font: Times New Roman or Times-Roman (larger than 12 pt)Line spacing: Should be greater than 1.5Page layout: title −→ author(s) −→ affiliation −→ one blank line −→ abstract* −→ page break −→ main text −→acknowledgment(s) −→ (Appendix) −→ page break −→ reference list −→ page break −→ figure caption(s) −→ page break −→ table(s) −→ page break −→ figure(s)*Not necessary for Short Notes, Comments, Addenda, and Errata Pagination: All pages, including those with tables and figures, should be numbered consecutively throughout the The length of the paper can be estimated using the following approximations. In particular, determine the lengthaccording to the type of paper submitted — Letters, Short Notes, Comments, Addenda, and Errata. Each type ofpaper has an upper limit in terms of the maximum number of printed pages.
Text: One line equals approximately 8.3 words −→ L1 (excluding sections from the title to key words and the Equations: One equation equals approximately two lines. If the equation contains fractions, sums, integrals, etc., it is estimated to be three lines. −→ L2 Tables: Numbers of rows and horizontal lines plus two lines −→ L3 Figures: Divide the height of the figure by 4 mm to obtain the number of lines and add two more lines −→ L4 • Maximum length of Letters: For text, figure(s) and table(s), and their caption(s) only. Title, authors, affiliations, abstract, key words, e-mails, acknowledgments, references, and notes are excluded.
3.5 pages ≒ 392 lines ≥ L1 + L2 + L3 + L4 • Maximum length of Short Notes and Comments: For whole manuscript.
2 pages ≒ 224 lines ≥ L1 + L2 + L3 + L4 • Maximum length of Addenda and Errata: For whole manuscript.
1 page ≒ 112 lines ≥ L1 + L2 + L3 + L4 • Abbreviations are not acceptable in the title since many readers may not be familiar with such terms.
• Capitalize the initial letter of each word except articles, prepositions, and conjunctions.
• The authors’ first names should preferably be spelled out.
• If the authors are from different institutions, a superscript Arabic numeral, that is, 1, 2, ., n, should be placed after each author’s name and before the corresponding institution.
• Do not use abbreviations.
• Provide adequate postal addresses, including the ZIP or other postal code and the name of the country.
• If the authors’ present or permanent addresses differ from the address where the work was conducted, they should be given as footnotes beginning with “Present address:” or “On leave from”; such addressesshould be cited with the following symbols: ∗, †, ‡, §, ¶, ∥, ∗∗, ††, ‡‡.
• The corresponding author’s e-mail address can be given at the top of the reference list.
• Approximately 150 words for a Full Paper.
• Approximately 100 words for a Letter.
• An abstract is not necessary for Short Notes, Comments, Addenda, and Errata.
• Figures, tables, and references should not be cited in the abstract.
• Full Papers must be divided into sections.
• Each section should be numbered consecutively with an Arabic numeral.
Subsubsection: 1.1.1 Subsubsection title • For section headings, capitalize the initial letter of each word, except articles, prepositions, and • For the subsection and subsubsection headings, capitalize only the first letter of the first word.
• Up to three levels of headings (i.e., up to the subsubsection) are allowed.
• Do not divide Letters, Short Notes, Comments, Addenda, and Errata into sections.
Paragraph: Indent the beginning of each paragraph.
Period: Only one period is required when a sentence ends with an omitted word such as “etc.”, “et al.”, and so on.
Comments and Notes: Footnotes cannot be used in the main text. List comments and notes, if any, as references (refer to Sect. 9 “Literature, Comments, and Notes”).
• Use the Symbol font for Greek letters and other symbols.
• Each equation should end with a period or comma.
• Label equations with parenthesized numerals such as (1), (2) or (1.1), (1.2). . . , (2.1), (2.2).
• If an equation extends over more a line, break the equation before an operator such that the operator is placed • Braces, parentheses, etc., should be used in the following order: {[(· · · )]}.
• Do not pluralize units by adding “s.” • Do not confuse the symbol for the unit (s, V, Ω, etc.) and the name of the unit (second, volt, ohm, etc.).
• Arbitrary units must be abbreviated as “arb. unit” (cf. “a.u.” stands for atomic unit).
• Use cm3 and cm2 instead of cc and sc cm, respectively.
• Use µm and nm instead of µ and mµ, respectively.
• The product of two units must be indicated as follows: • The quotient of two units must be indicated as follows: • Do not use more than one slash unless the units are parenthesized.
m·kg/(s3·A) or m·kg·s−3·A−1m/(V·s) or m·V−1·s−1[Note] Do not write the units as “m/s/s,” “m·kg/s3/A,” or “m/V·s.” • Use the section title “Acknowledgment(s)” without a section number.
• Acknowledgment for grants, equipment, samples, etc. should be expressed in this section.
Heading: If the paper contains only one appendix, use the title “Appendix,” and “Appendix A”, “Appendix B”. . . if more than one appendix is included. “Appendix: Title” is also acceptable.
Equations: Number equations as (A·1), (A·2), (B·1), (B·2). . .
Figures: Label figures as Fig. A·1, Fig. A·2, Fig. B·1, Fig. B·2. . .
Tables: Label tables as Table A·I, Table A·II, Table B·I, Table B·II. . .
• The literature, comments, notes, etc., cited in the main text, should be numbered consecutively.
• Footnotes are not allowed in the main text.
• Place numbers with a closing parenthesis in superscript to cite literature in the main text, for example, 1), 2,3), 4–7,11). Place these citations after the punctuation mark.
• Provide only the family names of authors in the main text. If two authors are cited, provide both authors’ family names. If more than two authors are cited, mention only the first author’s family name followed by “et al.” The phenomenon of spiking in solid state lasers is very well known.1–3) It was first reported in oneof the earliest papers of Collins et al.2,5) • The term “ibid.” should not be used even if the same journal or book is cited with different page numbers.
• The use of “et al.” is not accepted in principle, therefore, all the authors must be listed. When the paper is accepted for publication, the Editorial Division will decide whether or not to use “et al.” • When a reference number contains more than one reference, use a semicolon (;) as a delimiter to separate them.
1) T. Sasaki, T. Yokoo, S. Katano, and J. Akimitsu, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 74, 267 (2005).
2) B. DeWitt, Phys. Today 58 [1], 32 (2005).
3) M. Mochizuki, Y. Yanase, and M. Ogata, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 74, 1670 (2005) [Errata 74, 2381 (2005)].
4) H. Tou, N. Tsugawa, M. Sera, H. Harima, Y. Haga, and Y. ¯ Onuki, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 76, 024705 (2007); K.
Nakatsuji, A. Sumiyama, Y. Oda, T. Yasuda, R. Settai, and Y. ¯ Onuki, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 75, 084717 (2006).
• Abbreviations of the journal names are based on ISO (refer to Sect. 15).
• Sequence of items: authors → comma (,) → journal name → volume number (in boldface) → comma (,) → initial page number → year (parenthesized).
• The page number need not be preceded by “p.” • Provide the issue number (bracketed after the volume number) for journals which begin with page 1 in each • Errata should be listed under the same reference number.
5) T. Sekikawa and S. Watanabe, Butsuri 60, 527 (2005) [in Japanese].
6) Ju. V. Tsekhmistrenko, Sov. Phys. JETP 9, 1097 (1959).
• Write the original title of the journal in Roman letters.
• The original language should be mentioned at the end of the reference, for example, [in Japanese] and [in • Mention the English translation of the title only if the translated version has been consulted.
7) S. M. Sze, Physics of Semiconductor Devices (Wiley, New York, 1981) 2nd ed., p. 55.
8) D. Edwards, in Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids, ed. E. Palik (Academic Press, New York, 1985) 9) N. M. Amer and W. B. Jackson, in Semiconductors and Semimetals, ed. A. C. Beer (Academic Press, Orlando, 1984) Vol. 21, Part B, Chap. 3, p. 85.
• Sequence of items: author(s) → comma (,) → title → editor(s) if any → name of publisher, city of publication, year of publication (parenthesized) → chapter or initial page number.
• Do not abbreviate the title of the book.
• The publisher’s name can be shortened, for example, “Springer” and “Wiley.” • Only one city of publication should be provided. If the book was published in the U.S.A., the state code, for example, NJ, can be mentioned after the city name.
• It is sufficient to provide the initial page number (if plural pages must be specified, mention “pp.” instead of • Write “in” before the title of the book when both the authors and editors are mentioned.
• The title of the series should be provided if the book is part of a series.
10) T. Takenouchi, Handotai (Semiconductor) (Shokabo, Tokyo, 1964) p. 83 [in Japanese].
• Mention the original title of the book in Roman letters, followed by the English translation in parentheses.
• Mention the original language of the book at the end of the reference, for example, [in Japanese].
• The English translation of the title should be mentioned only if the translated version was consulted.
11) Y. Nakai, S. Kitagawa, K. Ishida, Y. Kamihara, M. Hirano, and H. Hosono, arXiv:0810.3569.
• The year of publication is not necessary here.
12) J. Luxon, P. Anderson, F. Baity, C. Baxi, and G. Bramson, Proc. 11th Int. Conf. Plasma Physics and Con- trolled Nuclear Fusion Research, Kyoto, 1986, Vol. 1, p. 159.
13) N. Takigawa, in Proc. Tsukuba Int. Symp. Heavy-Ion Fusion Reactions, ed. K. Furuno and T. Kishimoto (World Scientific, Singapore, 1984) p. 20.
14) K. Kita, Y. Yamamoto, K. Kyuno, and A. Toriumi, Abstr. Meet. Physical Society of Japan (60th Annu.
Meet., 2005), Part 3, p. 578, 30pF15 [in Japanese].
15) (Before Vol. 80) M. B. Maple, P.-C. Ho, V. S. Zapf, N. A. Frederick, E. D. Bauer, W. M. Yuhasz, F. M.
Woodward, and J. W. Lynn, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 71 [Suppl.], 23 (2002).
16) (After Vol. 80) G. Knebel, J. Buhot, D. Aoki, G. Lapertot, S. Raymond, E. Ressouche, and J. Flouquet, J.
• Proceedings published by publishers should be treated as book references.
• Do not italicize the conference names.
• Use abbreviations for “Proceedings,” “Symposium,” “International,” etc.
• Note that some proceedings, such as Proc. SPIE, are also journal titles.
17) K. K. Bhuwalka, M. Born, S. Sedlmaier, J. Schulze, and I. Eisele, presented at ULIS6, 6th Int. Conf.
Ultimate Integration of Silicon, 2005.
• Mention “presented at” before the name of the conference.
18) B. W. Braams, Natl. Bur. Stand. Tech. Note 724 (1972).
19) K. Hoh and Y. Yasuda, IEICE Tech. Rep. ED93-89 (1993) [in Japanese].
20) Y. Takahashi and M. Nawa, Japan Patent 652696 (1971).
21) A. C. Smith, U.S. Patent 3390940 (1988).
22) N. Kunitomi and M. Kaneko, private communication.
• Phrases such as “in preparation” and “unpublished” will not be accepted in principle.
23) A. Tonegawa and S. Hasegawa, submitted to J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.
24) M. Kuwabara and M. Ogata, to be published in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.
25) K. Aoki, Dr. Thesis, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo (1988).
The following abbreviations and acronyms can be used without definition in the abstract and main text.
LCAO linear combination of atomic orbitals k, kB Boltzmann’s constant CMOS complementary metal oxide semiconductor Abbreviations and acronyms other than those listed above should be fully defined at the first instance of theirappearance in the text.
Metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) is one of the most important epitaxial growthtechniques for compound semiconductors. . .
• The size of the paper should be the same as that used for the main text.
• Print each table separately. (Except for LATEX.) • Present the tables after the list of figure captions. (Except for LATEX.) Number: Number the tables with Roman numerals, such as Table I, Table II,. . .
Caption: • Captions should be placed above the respective tables (table captions need not be listed on a separate • As in a sentence, begin the caption with a capitalized letter and end it with a period.
Table headings: Capitalize only the first letter of the first word.
Table I. Fermi energy and carrier concentration for each sample.
Submit complete figures such that they need not be edited.
• The size of the paper should be the same as that used for the main text.
• Print each figure separately. (Except for LATEX.) • Number each figure consecutively in Arabic numerals, for example, Fig. 1, Fig. 2,. . .
• Label related figures with lower-case letters in parentheses, for example, (a), (b), (c),. . .
• List captions on a separate sheet. (Except for LATEX.)• Do not separate captions even for multiple related figures such as (a), (b),. . .
• The list of figure captions should be provided after the reference list. (Except for LATEX.) • There is an additional fee for color printing.
• In the figure captions, the phrase “(Color)” should follow the figure number and precede the caption.
Color online: Figures with color should be provided only in the online version (NO extra charge). Authors who request this service should note the following: 1. The online and printed versions of the figure files and captions should be the same.
2. It is the author’s responsibility to prepare clear and appropriate figures, text references, and captions for both the online and printed versions. For example, light colors should be avoided since they are notclearly visible in the black-and-white printed edition.
3. In the figure captions, the phrase “(Color online)” should follow the figure number and precede the caption as a note for readers of the printed version. [For example, Fig. 1. (Color online) Pressuredependence of Hall coefficient.] 4. Reprints are printed with the same color preference as the printed version.
• Select a standard font such as Times New Roman (or Times-Roman) or Arial (or Helvetica).
• Choose the font size carefully because most figures will be reduced in size when printed.
• Select standard units (refer to Sect. 6).
• Units should be parenthesized after the label of the axis. A slash is also acceptable.
• If possible, expressions such as Ø and 1.5E16 should be written as 0 and 1.5 × 1016, respectively.
EPS: Particularly for line drawings. EPS files made using conversion software are unacceptable.
WMF: Particularly for line drawings. Files of most Windows applications can be saved as WMF.
PDF: Do not downsample or compress.
TIFF: Photos only. Resolution should be higher than 300 dpi. Line drawings are unacceptable.
JPEG: Same as TIFF.
The following Microsoft application files are acceptable.
PowerPoint: Prepare each figure as a slide in a separate PPT file.
Word: Place each figure on one page in a separate DOC file.
Excel: Place each figure in a separate file. The printed and on-screen versions may differ in size. In such cases, the Size: Prepare each figure in the actual size. Enlarge for submission if necessary.
Font: • Select a standard font such as Times New Roman (or Times-Roman) or Arial (or Helvetica).
• Do not use two-byte codes such as Chinese and Korean fonts.
• Use the Symbol font for Greek letters and symbols such as ◦.
Line width: Lines should be thicker than 0.25 pt in actual size.
Other: Files scanned by the author are unacceptable as the final manuscript for publication.
Phys. Status Solidi: Rapid Res. Lett.
The Physical Society of JapanJPSJ Editorial Division 2-31-22-5F Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan

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